Pattachitra, hailing from the eastern state of Odisha, is one of the most exquisite traditional Indian art forms, bearing great significance, which has been practised for centuries and has been passed down from generation to generation. The word Pattachitra is a culmination of two Sanskrit words – ‘Patta’ meaning cloth and ‘Chitra’ meaning painting.
The process of creating this form of art is kind of arduous but oh-so rewarding. Honing the religious and cultural values, this art form largely celebrates Indian deities as well as illustrated mythological stories. These paintings were worshipped in the absence of idols and sculptures, making them extremely significant to the religious community. The alluring patterns and intricate line work are typically done on cloths of cotton and silks, with colours found explicitly in nature. The canvas is coated with a layer of white stone or chalk powder and tamarind paste. This process is repeated numerous times for a smoother and sturdier canvas. The colours used are extracted from natural pigments such as red stone, soot, turmeric and Indigo. Often Rice powder was also used for white colour. Originally only 5 colours, namely black, blue, red, yellow and white were used are they were more commonly available in nature.
With time as the art form has evolved, more varied colours have been used, yet sticking to their roots, all these colours are organic and obtained from nature.
Many Pattachitra paintings depict Lord Jagannath, one of the primary deities worshipped in Odisha. Other popular themes include Radha-Krishna, Mahishasura Mardini, and Durga Puja. Pattachitra paintings encompass a multitude of themes, including social commentary in the form of Ganjapa paintings, depictions of the Puri temple in Yamapati and Yatripatas, and explorations of Lord Krishna's avatars in Saiva, Ragachitras, Shakta, and Navagunjar paintings.
The artists or as they are called traditionally, ‘Chitrakars’ are held in high regard for their utmost patience and dedication to the art. These artists possess a deep knowledge of the myths and legends and cultural tales in addition to their mastery of techniques and unique work, which makes the entire essence of Pattachitra art form a unique one. The significance of Pattachitra is manifold to the Indian culture. Adding to the renowned and rich heritage of art and culture of India, it has been an alternative to idols and sculptures, the story of which dates back to Ancient times. Despite being a traditional Indian art form, it has not only retained its roots and heritage but has also incorporated the changes and trends of modern times without losing its essence which is noteworthy.
Today we can find this art form in many ways, and its beauty has been manifested into being more than merely just an art form. Today we can see products, fabrics, clothes, books and whatnot embellished with the patterns of the Pattachitra art form. It's truly an accomplishment of the community which has not let this art form lose its significance by staying true to its roots as well as making it relevant in today’s times and continuing its legacy.
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